Policies to Reduce Pollution

The two policies that are mostly used to reduce pollution are the taxation of the pollution producers (Pigovian tax) and standards-change approaches. The Pigovian taxes are usually generally levied as an excise tax, which will raise the price of the goods produced. This causes the company to produce less which in turn lowers pollution. The standards-charge approach is to tax the pollution directly. The government determines the level of pollution that it thinks is appropriate, and then will charge a fine for each unit that is above the appropriate amount. This is how the standard-charge approach rewards the companies that produce less pollution and punishes the companies that exceed the allotted pollution amount. Unfortunately, standard-charge approaches don’t enable policy makers to control the air quality. The government has to estimate how much a company will reduce their pollution when they are fined. If the government sets a fine to low, the company may determine that it is cheaper to pay the fines rather than reduce its pollution. This also will not give the company an incentive to reduce their pollution level below what the government has set as the desired limit. The positive benefits to these measures are that our ecosystems are healthier and this also helps the health of the people living in the local environment. Air pollution is known to cause a great deal of disease in the population, especially respiratory disease. The environments ecosystems will benefit when people and companies lower their use of fossil fuels, this will help to lower greenhouse gases. Taxes and fines always have some sort of losses involved, both to the companies and to the government applying the fines. When the different taxes are levied, companies will find ways to reduce costs by either cuts in staffing or outsourcing what they are able to send to foreign companies. Another cost involves the failure of the government. The different taxes and fines levied on companies are paid over to the government and the government is notorious in their inefficiency in the use of their funds. Most government agencies are overly bureaucratic and cumbersome which can create unnecessary regulations that are impossible to enforce. It is impossible to determine the exact level of pollution reduction needed to produce a healthier living environment. At this point in time, society controls the pollution levels until the costs outweigh the benefits of additional controls. This assumption isn’t always valid. It has been proven, through past actions, which as air quality improves it becomes more difficult to reduce the levels of pollution at a reasonable cost. Even though society demands a clean environment for health reasons, it is a higher concern depending on income levels. The higher the income level the more of a concern it will be. Those with a lower income that are without medical insurance are less inclined to worry about pollutions that will harm them over time. Pollution should be reduced so that it will not negatively affect the health of the population or the environment. Unfortunately we also have to weigh the lowering of pollution against the cost of job loss and the cost of goods. In the end, as long as the government policies are able to reduce pollution to a level that is socially acceptable they can be viewed a success.

Heinz Marketing Plan

Heinz Marketing Plan Heinz brand is trusted worldwide, has earned a reputation for quality, nutrition, innovation and value. Heinz has shown significant in marketing and productivity for 2013 to drive a continued excellent performance. The main strategy behind Heinz product strategy has been to streamline their product offering. In order to offer better quality products, Heinz decided to categorise their items. All there products now fall under three major brands; Sauces, Ketchup, Baby foods and Convenience meals. Predominant focus is on driving continued global growth in Ketchup and sauces, largest core category with sales of $5 billion.Heinz recognises that consumers due to the economic recession have become more disciplined and frugal resulting in the launch of smaller packaging with a more affordable price points-new 10 ounce Heinz Ketchup pouch and other Heinz condiments retailed at $1 in the U. S. Heinz sees packaging innovation as a key aspect to global growth in Ketchup and S auces. It will launch the fully-recyclable PlantBottle packaging in partnership with Coco-cola and is expanding its Dip and Squeeze Ketchup globally, a dual-function foodservice package, which sold more than 1 billion in the U.S last year. .Heinz is determined to take its iconic mature brand to new geographies, for instance the acquisition of Quero, a leading brand of tomato sauces and Ketchup has provided a strong growth platform in the Brazilian market. It recognises if they are to compete in sauces they need to focus on the applicability of its brand, to make sure that the product suits its culture. The dominant condiment in sold in China is soy sauce, acquisition of Foodstar expanded Heinz presence in China’s rapidly growing $4 billion soy sauce market, while providing a growth platform for Ketchup.Beyond Ketchup and Sauces, Heinz continues to extend Infant/Nutrition and Meals and Snacks business. Heinz will target new clientele for these product offerings. It will place more emphasis on the first transaction rather than on the relationship marketing. It will target single mothers, bachelors and college students who are too busy to cook and are in need of some convenience food. Heinz is leveraging an advantaged, well-balanced portfolio led by accelerated growth in emerging markets.It is actively looking for new growth opportunities with Sales in emerging markets are expected to approach 25% in 2013. In order to drive productivity and leverage our scale capabilities; we will open 11 new factories around the world. Heinz expects organic sales growth of at least 4% and growth of 5% to 8% in constant currency earnings per share from continuing operations. We also expect a strong operating cash flow of more than $1 billion, with Ketchup and Sauces to approach 60% of total sales and our sales in Emerging markets doubling from $5 billion.

Group Assignment 1

Managerial Statistics (ENMGT 572) Group Assignment You are permitted to use SPSS to solve the following problems unless otherwise stated. Problem 1: Refer to the data file Executive salary. xls. This files shows annual salary of CEOs for various companies and industries. The random variable of interest for this exercise is Sum97. This is the CEO’s annual salary plus bonuses for the year 1997 (referred to as salary here-in).The purpose of this exercise is to determine if there is a significant difference between mean salaries of executives for various industries. There are 8 industries in this data file. Answer the following questions, assume = . 05 level for all tests. a. Briefly explain (in one or two sentences) what type of test approach you would use to determine if there is a difference in the mean salaries among all industries. Also, how would you set up the null and alternate hypothesis? b. Conduct a test to determine if the mean salaries among all industries are equival ent.Also, if there is a difference briefly explain or identify the variables or categories (treatment) that contribute to this difference (You may use Tukey’s Procedure for answering this part) c. Conduct a test to determine if there exist a difference in the mean executive salary for the following groups of industries: I. Industrial and Basic Materials II. Industrial and Technology III. Basic Materials and Technology Before conducting the test above, perform a test on equivalent population variances for each pair of company type.In a brief paragraph, comment of the conclusions of the test results. d. Determine the upper and lower range salary values for each industry at 90% and 95% confidence intervals e. Perform a test of normality (Chi-Square evaluation) on the data for each of the three industries in part c and comment on your findings. First produce a histogram with about 5 categories for this test and perform the test using a Chi-Squared approach. Problem 2: Refer to fi le â€Å"Heating_Bill. xls,† which provides heating bills on a sample of residential homes for the month of February.The file categorizes the data by the type of home (single level or two story) and heating source (natural gas, electric and oil). Conduct a test at the =. 05 level to answer the following questions: a. Is there evidence to suggest that the type of heating source used impacts the monthly heating bill? b. Is there evidence to suggest that the type of home (single or two story) impacts the monthly heating bill? c. Is there evidence to suggest that the interaction between these two categories (type of home or heating source) impacts the monthly heating bill?

Art presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Art presentation - Essay Example The Baroque period incorporates artistic works that is based upon catholic and protestant lines. On the other hand, Rococo art mainly focused on the pleasures and interests of the artists rather than events happening around them. Bernini is a renowned artist during this Baroque era and bases his works across Italy. He dominated the art world of Rome in the seventeenth century and received special treatments from the popes, as well as cardinals. He also confronted the contemporary artistic traditions that existed during the era. One of his most creative artwork is The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa. This work involves intense Christian art and is one of the most illustrated artwork that exemplifies spiritual aspects of the Catholic faith. The sculpture has two figures; Teresa and an angel, standing slightly above her pointing a golden spear towards Teresa’s heart. Bernini uses a very rare form to illustrate Teresa’s religious ecstasy when the angel appeared to her with a golden spear. He uses this to illustrate the intense satisfaction and desire in which God had favored her. He also expresses pain that accompanies her favor and intense desire for God’s consent. Bernini emphasizes on her erotic euphoria by displaying her open mouth and closed eyes. He also does this by hanging her limbs. The movement and drama of the sculpture is illustrated by the heavy and tangled fabric of her clothes even though the purity portrayed in her face largely contrasts with the fabric texture. The angel seems to be happily staring at Teresa as he waits to pierce her heart using the spear of divine love. This sculpture illustrates the spiritual pleasure that the saints experience in serving Christ. The imagery employed by Bernini in The Ecstasy of Saint Theresaillustrates the sensual pleasure in a way that conveys the perceptible nature of Teresa’s experience. Baroque art era also dominated across Flanders and Spain. This period is characterized by the breaking of the Lowland

Systems and community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Systems and community - Essay Example It is generally accepted that the strength and resilience of a community is directly proportional to the frequency at which individual members communicate with each other. Internet has revolutionized the way people communicate with each other and it has spawned numerous internet communities where individual members get together and communicate with each other on specific issues much like real world communities. However, this communication and interaction is only of a virtual nature and several researchers feel that a virtual interaction cannot be a substitute for real life interaction that can be achieved through face to face news and information exchanges between members, or, through a very common activity as playing a group game. But there are an almost equal number of social researchers that are of the opinion that the nature of communities is undergoing a metamorphosis where the traditional concept of community is gradually fading out with the internet communities filling in that void. This group of researchers contends that internet communities are not necessarily restricted to the virtual world and there are increasing instances where exchange of physical resources is being done among virtual community members. So, a new setup where both virtual and real co-exists in their relevant spheres and complement each other is fast taking a concrete and irreversible shape. This group of researchers feels that in spite of a stupendous level of connectivity fostered by internet, the spirit of community and civic engagement is collapsing and members of the society are becoming increasingly disconnected with each other leading to irredeemable loss of social capital. This is more accentuated by the easy and cheap alternative provided by the internet where individuals can interact globally on issues that might be slightly remoter than the more immediate issues that

Standards of care from a legal and a nursing perspective Essay

Standards of care from a legal and a nursing perspective - Essay Example The nurse is also expected to recognize adequately and report adverse cases or near misses and to take any possible actions that would minimize or prevent harm as a result of adverse events. As such, it is important for nurses to seek appropriate assistance where required and contribute to a supportive, safe and professional environment in their practice, in order to uphold client well-being and to uphold the trust of the public in the profession (Cartwright-Vanzant, 2011). The current professional environment is defined by increased competence resulting from the constant change in practice and technology. The new health care systems are undergoing constant evolution, and the consumers are looking for health care providers with high competences to handle their changing needs (Cartwright-Vanzant, 2011). Upon licensing of a nurse, they are viewed as having met the minimum competency levels. As such, various standards have been developed to ensure that such competency is enhanced throughout their practice. The nurses are thus left with the sole duty of expanding and enhancing their skills and knowledge in order to maintain a high level of competency equal to their role. It is for the nurse to take up responsibility for the personal knowledge and skills’ currency. Through evaluation of an individual nurse’s performance by other health professionals, a nurse’s responsibility to the society is upheld (Guido,

Psychological and Physiological Benefits of Physical Exercise Essay

Psychological and Physiological Benefits of Physical Exercise - Essay Example Physical activity is mainly undertaken to attain and sustain a healthy body weight. Its benefits incorporate a healthy mind, mood and improved general health of an individual. According to Gledhill (2007), the physiological and psychological significance of exercise are relevant to the current society. This is because sedentary lifestyles affect the health of the public leading to increased costs. Moreover, lifestyle diseases that can be prevented such as diabetes, coronary heart diseases and cancers have become frequent. This has amplified the mortality rates. The collective effects of inactive lifestyles, physical inactivity and excessive calorific intake significantly contribute to compromised health state. Furthermore, these trends lead to increased pervasiveness of obesity in developed nations. According to Gledhill (2007 p. 57), scientific evidence indicates that lack of physical exercise is a major risk factor that contributes to mortality rates, age related complications and compromised mental performance. Consequently, physical exercise has both psychological and physiological benefits that improve the overall health of a person (Gledhill 2007). Psychological benefits of exercise The psychological aspects of physical exercise are clear in the affiliation between the body’s physical movements and a person’s mental and emotional health. The biological fitness of a person influences their behaviour and mood. Consequently, an undisputed link exists between physical exercise and the psychological well-being. Psychologically, exercise triggers the release of vital hormones that promote the mental and emotional processes. Gledhill (2007) affirms that physical fitness stimulates the nerves; thus, enhancing glandular secretion. This helps to increase vivacity, speed, aesthetic appeal and physical agility. During exercise, critical endorphin hormones are released in the body (Fox, Biddle, & Boutcher 2002). These natural hormones make one feel energ ised and optimistic. Moreover, the endorphins block pain creating euphoric feelings in the brain cells. This is necessary for people coping with emotional or physical pain. Endorphins are mainly produced during stressful times; furthermore, they compliment the adrenaline hormones. Therefore, exercises are effective means of maintaining high spirits and motivation because it is a natural anti-depressant (Gledhill 2007). In addition to aiding mental recreation, physical exercise reduces anxiety by boosting a person’s mood (Buckworth & Dishman 2002). It promotes a general wellbeing in all the psychological functioning of an individual. For this reason, therapists employ it as a remedial treatment of anxiety neuroses, depression and mental illnesses (Buckworth & Dishman 2002). Therefore, maintenance of overall fitness is a vital component of promoting self-esteem and self-efficacy among individuals. This is because through exercise, moods are contained; thus, enabling a person to attain their goals efficiently (Fox, Biddle, & Boutcher 2002). Another psychological benefit is the promotion of IQ levels and cognitive alertness in individuals. Regular exercise improves short-term memory that improves fluid intelligence. This process boosts verbal reasoning and mental constructs that are vital in psychological health. Besides, exercise leads to the regeneration of new cells in the brain by facilitating

Application of Implementing QMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Application of Implementing QMS - Essay Example Quality excellence awards across different countries can be briefed as; Europe- EFQM Excellence Model is used to determine the receiver of European Quality Award, USA- , Baldrige National Quality award is given to companies who have exceptionally performed when it comes to ensuring quality, Australia- Australian Business Excellence Awards is given to companies performed exceptionally well to improve quality of production. Research findings of various research scholars such as Van der Wiele et al. (2001) shows that quality management system or quality excellence awards emphasizes on large set quality dimensions such as risk management, ensuring diversity, performing social responsibility, sustainability of the process, resource management, environmental safety, service delivery to customers, knowledge management, good governance etc. Valls and Vergueiro (2006) defined four types of benefits which can be achieved by implementing QMS or achieving quality excellence awards such as better customer service, reduction of error in process modelling, better financial result in terms of increase both in top line & bottom line growth and enhanced learning from environment. Meeting the 8 quality criteria mentioned by ISO can also help a firm to earn excellence award, these criteria can be summarized as; 1- Customer focus- meeting or exceeding customer requirement, 2- Leadership- engaging employees and participants in internal environment to ensure quality, 3- People- optimal utilization of human resources in order to ensure 100% involvement from them, 4- Process- optimal utilization of resources in order to improve the process flow, 5- System Approach- identification and control of interrelated processes, 6- Continual Improvement- continual growth and learning of the organization, 7- Factual Decision- taking decision on the basis of facts and information and 8- Mutually Beneficial Relationship- providing benefits to suppliers and other important stakeholders (ISO, 2012). A s the study is narrowing its scope from general quality management system to quality assurance and excellence award in transportation field hence the study has decided to consider the case of Transport Certification Australia (TCA) as basal plane in the paper. Transport Certification Australia (TCA) - Overview Transport Certification Australia Limited (TCA) is founded by government agencies, territory and Australian government and representing states (Transport Certification Australia, 2013a). The company works under the Corporations Act (Cth) regulation and serves as quality assurance organization in the field of transportation in Australia. Vision TCA has the vision to serve as a leader in the field of quality advice to transportation agencies, providing accreditation & administrator services in order to improve mobility with the means of sensor solution, communication and information integration. Transport Certification Australia Limited provides the quality assurance to users wi th the help of its quality management system which specializes in identifying, delivering and deploying quality mechanism (Transport Certification Australia, 2013a). Mission When it comes to formulating a formidable and sustainable mission statement, TCA emphasizes on three verticals such as identifying quality needs, delivering quality assurance

Investigate the Iconography in the Work of John Singleton Copley Term Paper

Investigate the Iconography in the Work of John Singleton Copley - Term Paper Example The image is intended to convey some messages to the viewers through its facial expression. The pictorial likeness of the face of the image is of utmost concern (LightPoseGuide, para.3). It could also be kept in some gallery to pass some information onto the future generations. As such, it is necessary that the artist design a portrait that has some facial expression. The image should be natural to enable the observer develop a logical eyesight towards the intended meaning. Iconography is concerned with the symbolic nature of the portraits or any other artistic images. It is the study of the themes expressed in visual arts and their hidden meanings (Straten, 3). It involves identifying and providing a description of the contents of a given portrait. This then leads to an interpretation of what the contents imply in relation to the subject of the work (Straten, 3). This paper presents an iconographic examination of Watson and the Shark, a piece of work by John Singleton Copley, the ei ghteenth and nineteenth century American artist who later moved to London where he died. The symbolic nature of this and other works by the artist is examined. The artist is seen to have brought a significant impact on the nature of the American and British portraiture. John Singleton Copley’s Background John Singleton Copley is an American painter born in Boston in 1938 of an Irish immigrant into the US (Olga’s Gallery, para.1). At the age of ten, his father died and the mother, Mary Singleton Copley, was married to another man by the name Peter Pelham in the same year. The stepfather contributed significantly to the early education of Copley. He was a teacher as well as an engraver, and so Copley learned a lot when he worked at the stepfather’s shop. While working there, he learned various skills involved in engraving and developed relations with various painters in Boston (Olga’s Gallery, para.2). The stepfather also died within three years and Copley was forced to continue learning the art of engravings on his own. Copley began to paint portraits at the tender age of fifteen years. Even though these early works were seen to be immature with no proper facial expressions, the efforts of the artist could not be mistaken owing to his tender age (Olga’s Gallery, para.3). The artist borrowed elements from works from America and Europe. He interacted with more artists from Europe and other parts of the world that led to rapid development in his artistic skills. He was invited to various exhibitions in the colonial America and Canada, most of which he turned down. In 1766, Copley attended the exhibition of the Incorporated Society of Artists, where he gained fame among the public in England (Olga’s Gallery, para.8). His first work presented at the exhibition impressed different people and he was accepted into the society of artists in the country. The artist had further creative and innovative developments and moved to var ious counties with his home based in London. He developed portraits of important persons in the colonial New England. Most of his works are kept in the National Gallery at Washington, D.C. Copley later died in his home in London in 1815 following a stroke (Olga’s Gallery, para.21). Watson and the Shark, 1778 The works of Copley could be a regarded as an important milestone in the American portraiture. Ideally, the portraits

Apc 308 financial management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Apc 308 financial management - Dissertation Example .. The secret of success in financial management is to increase value." (Aswath) According to Copeland & Weston: â€Å"The most important theme is that the objective of the firm is to maximize the wealth of its stockholders.† (Aswath) Thus, it has been very aptly defined that the main objective of an organization is to maximize the wealth of its shareholders and thus, capital structure is an important factor constituting towards this development. Objectives of Capital Structure Planning The importance of the capital structure planning can be summarized in the following diagram. Source: http://www.svtuition.org/2010/05/importance-of-capital-structure.html To reduce the overall risk of the organization The capital structure of an organization needs to be devised in such a manner that the overall risk is minimized. The acquisition of debt in the capital structure sets up an added liability of interest payments. Contrarily, equity financing means a rate of return in the form of di vidends to be paid to the shareholders. Thus, debt raises the â€Å"risk† for the shareholders. Adjustment according to business environment The concept of â€Å"maneuverability† is applicable in this regards. ... Thus, they need to raise capital either through external or internal finance. Therefore, a risk lowering and a profit maximizing capital structure would help finance manager to raise capital easily and efficiently (Capital Structure Planning, 2010). Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting refers to investment in projects that pay a rate of return in the long-run. The asset acquired is evaluated by various techniques so as to reach the decision of whether or not to purchase them. This is of utmost importance in financial management and thus, the technique was used by General Motors to overcome their losses in 2002. There are five techniques to rank whether a project should be included in the capital budget or not. Source: http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/17820/excerpt/9780521817820_excerpt.pdf Payback Period This technique is simple and shows the time frame for the investment’s net revenues to cover its costs. Discounted Payback Period This methodology also provides the time fr ame but the calculation procedure is different. The cash flows are discounted at the rate of the investment’s cost of capital to achieve the length of time that would cover the cost of investment. Net Present Value (NPV) Future values of the cash flows are discounted at the cost of capital to obtain the NPV of the cash flows (Brigham & Houston, 2003). The investment venture is than ranked according to the NPV of the cash flows. This technique makes the use of discounted cash flows and is quite advantageous. A positive NPV demonstrates that the investment not only covers the cost of investment but also earns a profit. Whereas, a 0 NPV means that cash flows generate an enough amount only to cover the cost of the capital. Internal Rate of Return

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

International Management - Essay Example What is a trade policy? It has been described as a government tool used to encourage or restrict import and export. These tools may be in form of tariffs, quotas and voluntary export restraint. There are also domestic mandatory regulations requiring for adoption to health and safety standards. The domestic mandatory regulations are done to encourage or discourage bringing of goods and services to the domestic economy. Another trading tool to encourage export production done by the government is paying of subsidy of certain products, such as subsidy to farming production. Subsidy to sugar production is common in the United States. Trade policies should also be negotiated in bilateral agreements as this will form part of the nation’s obligations and national policies. Antigua-Barbuda is a small country comprising of 442 square kilometers (171 square miles). For a clear idea of size, it is twice and a half the size of Washington D.C. It has an English speaking population of 74,097, has a workforce of 30,000 working for commerce and service, agriculture and other industry. Unemployment rate as of 2006 is 13%. (US Dept. of State. 2009) This policy has transformed the current level of export and importations of the country. It could be seen from Chart 1 below that exports have increased from US$400m in 2000-01 to US$600m in 2005-06, while the level of imports remain the same for the specified years. Country’s exports to Italy, Germany, Poland and Singapore consist of food, manufacturing, machines and petroleum products. Imported items are food, machines, chemicals and oil coming from China, Germany, Singapore and US. (Economy Watch) 3. Antigua-Barbuda’s trade policy. This part of the study will provide information on the national trade policy, information on agreements, regulations, standards and investment climate of

Integration of Aristotles Four Causes and Ego Psychology Essay Example for Free

Integration of Aristotles Four Causes and Ego Psychology Essay Ego Psychology Theory is based on Freud’s structure of mind model of identity, ego, and superego elaborated in more detail. Individuals have different ego controlling between primitive drives and realities. Individuals always deal with identities, drives and egos. However, if one has good control with ego, they can express their desire, drives and morals in realistic and socially appropriate ways. If failed, one confronts difficulties such as conflict with inner self and loss of mature interpersonal relationship. However, throughout lifetime, individuals change their feelings and behaviors to better fit their needs or minimize their conflict between primitive drives and realities. The material cause for ego psychology is identity and ego. Individuals are born with primitive drives, sexual desires, and egos which enable to organize their identity, drives and synthesize judgment, defined as decisions toward another in feelings, or to be aware of drives that affects feelings in accord with reality. In other words, ego can give a right direction for or control identity drives, whether it is satisfied or not in light of reality. The formal cause of ego psychology is ego development which is follows by means of the individuals needs, e. g. , affiliation with others, learning, etc. Hartmann says that we must develop â€Å"autonomous ego-development† (Hartmann, 1958, p, 101). The ego must be understood in relation with the individuals needs and drives, traits, expectations, and values. According to Hartmann, peoples defense mechanism develop their ego. Hartmann pointed out that â€Å"the defense processes may simultaneously serve both the control of instinctual drive and adaptation to the external world. † (Hartmann, 1958, p. 51) The efficient cause is adaptation â€Å"reality mastering† and a reciprocated relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The outcome of successful adaptation implies â€Å"fitting together† (Hartmann 1958, p, 36). If individuals overcome their conflicts, they are lead to their functions which are more or less closely related to the perceive reality. Therefore, successful adaptation embeds an individual in an environment. Also, it solves conflict among individual needs, capacities, and their environments due to the complicated tendencies of defensive egos. In early stages the ego is focused on differentiating itself from others and on affirming its separate existence though expression of drives. Later, the individuals begin to learn rules of conduct to follow in order to avoid group criticism (Martin,1981). The impact of interpersonal and environmental factors is thought to be crucial to the evolution of mature ego functions during the lifelong developmental process. The final cause of ego psychology is to find better adaptation and sustain ego function with regard to individual needs to adapt to their environments, drives, traits, and expectations. Other manifestations of social functioning problems and self regulation and control of drives affect other peoples perceptions is central to the development of an individuals behaviors and are appropriate in certain circumstances. People, because of their inevitable and requisite relationship with the world, are subject to change their attitudes, behaviors, and even their egos in order to cope with the changes and demands of other people around them and in the group they belong in. References Irving M. Rosen. (1968) Ego psychology of the adult years.Journal of Religion and Health, Volume 7, Number 3 PDF (243. 6 KB) Retrieved May 2, 2008, from SpringerLink database. Hartmann, Heinz. (1958) Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation. New York, NY: International Universities Press. Martin A, James. (2000) Ego psychology notes. Retrieved Apr. 2, 2008, from http://www. brynmawr. edu/Acads/GSSW/jam/switr/991415. htm Martin, Grotjahn. (1981) The therapeutic group process in the light of developmental ego Psychology. Group, Volume 5. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from SpringerLink database.

The World Phone Hacking Scandal Media Essay

The World Phone Hacking Scandal Media Essay The phone hacking scandal and the subsequent public inquiries exposed how journalists from News of the World (NoW) had been employing illegal reporting techniques to gather information for news with no regards to journalism ethics. The implications of the scandal and the inquiries on public relations and media relations is more on the ethical part. Similar to the media industry, ethical behavior is also important in the public relations profession that includes media relations. Public relations can be explained as the ethical and strategic management of communications and relationships to build and develop coalitions and policy, identify and manage issues and to create and direct messages to achieve sound outcomes within a responsible framework with media relations being more specific. Media relations is a part of public relations that deals mostly with the relationships of an organization with the media. Media relations also determine how the organization gets its messages across to the target audience. Media relations what message the organization wants to send, who to send it to, where to send it and when to send it and if possible without paying directly for it through advertising. In most countries, public relations practiotioners are members of professional public relations institutes and/or associations such as the Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) of the United Kingdom, the Public Relations Institute of Australia (PRIA), the Institute of Public Relations Malaysia (IPRM) and the International Public Relations Association (IPRA). These institues and/or associations all have established a set of code of ethics which not only provide an ethical framework for the activities of the profession but is also central in maintaining the professional standards in the public relations profession. Membership of these institutes are given after the applicants pass the assestment tests and members of these public relations institutes are required to follow the set of code of ethics. Members who have breached the code of ethics can be reported to the institues and they will be investigated and pinalized. In the wake of the NoW phone hacking scandal, there are concerns in the United Kingdom (UK) about ethics and privacy arising especially from the flow of information between the government and the press. According to the report from Elizabeth Filkins inquiry, the main concern being improper disclosure of information to the media. The government and the media interacts with each other on many levels. These unregulated interactions causes information to flow outside of the government causing problems. Improper disclosure can be broken down into a few kinds. They are improper disclosure for personal advantage, improper disclosure for trading and improper disclosure cause of bribery or financial rewards. Improper disclosure for personal advantage is where civil servants deliberately leak information for various kinds of improper personal benefits such as a sense of power and control, professional advantage during employment with the government or to gain future employment elsewere by providing exclusive information. According to a statement by Kit Malthouse who is a British assembly member, there is an odd kind of fascination with knowing its them that put the information on the newspapers, this knowledge gives them a sense of power. Trading is another kind of improper disclosure of information where inappropriate information is given to the media in order to dilute or prevent the publication of other information which might be damaging to some civil servants or those with senior positions in the government. Although there are proper and ethical negotiations with the media to prevent the publishing of information which might obstruct an ongoing investigation, cause harm to members of the public or civil servants or to ensure accuracy in reporting but these negotiations often have to include unethical placing of materials or offering of exclusive information to the media in return to bury the harmful information. Quoting Nick Davies, a freelance journalist, you get the Press Officer who says, well, if I give Reporter A a particular story exclusively, then next week Reporter A will do me a favour. These kinds of behaviours conflict between what the public needs and what the Press Officer wants causing information t hat are not supposed to be known to the media to be leaked out. Bribery and financial rewards is the most common and prevalent cause of information leak. From her questioning, Filkin found out that NoW journalists have been paying civil servants especially the Metropolitan Police Service for information. The demand for exclusive government information is high especially information on police work. Police information is a commodity that is very valuable to journalists and much of it is of interest and enjoyment of the public. This demand coupled with no proper guidelines in place in regards to what is acceptable in dealing with the media leads to the unstoppable and untracable leakage of information to the media. Disaffected staffs is also another cause for improper information disclosure. Staffs that are disaffected or in dispute with the organization can become a source of improper and damaging disclosures to the media. Quoting from Filkins report, a Thomas Lund-Lack has leaked a highly confidential Counter Terrorism report to the Sunday Times. Lund-Lack has served with the British police force ethically for 34 years before being given a role in the Special Branch as a member of police staff. When integorated Lund-Lack cited that the reasons leaking the information as being annoyed by his workplace, and becoming more and more angry about the ineffectiveness of the Counter Terrorism Command. He felt that what he has done was legally wrong but was morally justified in bringing his concerns into the publics attention. Another main concern of the flow of information between the government and the press lies in the relationships the government have with the press. It is known that the government has not given equal access to all parts of the media for a number of years and that relationships between press members have been developed selectively. Journalists develop close relationships with senior government members because if you are nice to them chances are you are going to get more stories than youre not. This often leads to private news briefings during drinking sessions in clubs. This has lead to a culture where media contacts are close aquaintaces and their hospitality is a norm. It is also not uncommon for civil servants to have friends or family members working with the media. There friends and family members that when they acquired some exculsive information, they pass the information on to the media. With regards to the concerns expressed in the UK about the flow of information between the government and the press in the light of the ongoing News Limited controversy, practice and ethics of media relations are being questioned due to the similar nature of the public relations industry with the media industry. As a part of public relations, media relations is also bound to the code of ethics of the public relations profession. There is a set of common ethical practice that is generally adopted and followed by media relations practitioners in dealing with information. Before using any information, media relations practitioners must first make sure that whether the information acquired is confidential. If the information is not confidential then the practitioner can proceed with the information. If confidential information is given on the record then the practitioner is also allowed to used the information. However if the confidential information is obtained off the records, the practitioner is discouraged from using the information based on the ethical obligations of the public relations profession. Media relations practitioners are required to exercise caution when talking and/or writing about a person or an organization. This is not only to maintain the accuracy of the subject but also to avoid inadvertently defaming someone or an organization. Practitioners are also required to not dissiminate false and misleading information and/or claims. Media relations pratitioners must obtain permission for any materials that they use to acknowledge the owners of the materials and to avoid copyright infringement. Practitioners are also required to get permission to use personal information and/or images in public. Practitioners must also immediately correct any errors that occur in the course of carrying out their duty such as media using the material you provided wrongly. Ethics is a standard of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues. Who determines these ethical obigations? Ethical obligations are determined not only by a persons own values but it is also influenced by the organization a person is working with and the client the person is dealing with. Each organization has its own set of ethics that it enforces and every client has a different ethics expectation. When faced with ethical problems, the practitioner is encouraged to discuss with the employer and/or the client to reach an agreeable ethics standpoint. Ethical obligations are also determined by the industry a person is working in such as the code of ethics of the public relations industry. The code of ethics is to safeguard the credibility and legitimacy of the profession. Another factor that influences ethical obligations is the society. An ethical media relations practitioner should alwaysput the public interests before his/her owns or the clients. Besides code of conducts, public relations and media relations practitioners also acknowledge the existence of a set of universal values and embracing them in carrying out their duties to uphold the standards of practice and professional conduct on the part of public relations practitioners. The set universal values are: honesty, integrity, fidelity, fairness, transparency, accountability, confidentiality, and accuracy and most if not all of them can be found in the code of ethics of the many public relations institutions. The ethics pyramid is a structural approach to checking ethics by Tilley. It is used to examine the ethicality of behaviours and actions. It is divided into four stages: ethical baseline, ethical intent, ethical means and ethical end. Media relations practitioners are encouraged to usethis pyramid to examinie ethics. The the first stage at the bottom part of the pyramid is the ethical baseline. This stage is where the media relations practitioner carries out research on the ethics and expectations of the stakeholders. The second stage is the ethical intent stage where the practitioner plans and choose ethical principles for virtues, rules and outcomes. This is also the stage where the practitioner create measurable objectives and discuss and agree the shared ethical objectives with the client. The third stage, ethical means is assessing the tactical objectives and choosing ethical tactics to employ and deciding the means to use to communicate with others. The final stage, the ethical ends is where the practitioner assess strategic ethics objectives for evaluation and check and report ethics outcomes.

What are Malaysias main imports and exports

What are Malaysias main imports and exports Illustrate the components of Malaysias imports and exports using a graph or chart and elaborate on it. Which countries are Malaysias main trading partners? Components of Malaysias exports According to Malaysias top 10 trade statistics for year 2009 by MATRADE, the major export products are divided into nine subcategories. Electrical and electronic products are the highest export products valued at RM22.68 billion which is equal to 41.5% of the total exports. While for palm oil, it takes off 6.3% of the total exports and it is equal to RM3.44 billion. Ranking number three for Malaysias export product is the liquefied natural gas which account for 6% or RM3.31 billion of total exports. Crude petroleum is account for 5.9% of total exports. The chemicals and chemical products hold 5.8% of the total exports are rank at number five of Malaysias total export. As for refined petroleum products, it represents 4.2% of Malaysias total export or RM2.29 billion. For machinery, appliances, and parts, these components are rank at number seven which take-up 3.5% or RM1.94 billion of total exports. Manufactures of metal hold 2.6% of total exports. The wood products hold 2.4% of total exports in Malaysia. Optical and scientific equipment are categorized as minority of Malaysia export as it stand for 2.3% or RM1.25 billion for total exports. The remaining percentages represent other export products in Malaysia. Components of Malaysias imports For component of Malaysias imports, there are three main categories of imports by end use. Intermediate goods are valued at 66.4% of total imports. For capital goods, it take-up 15.8% of total imports and for consumption goods, it is account for 7.3% of total imports. Other major import products of Malaysia import products include electrical and electronic products which are valued at 38.4% of total imports. Besides that, machinery, appliances, and parts are account for 8.6% and chemicals and chemical products take-up 8.4%. While for manufactures of metal, it is account for 5.2% of total imports. Furthermore, transport equipment account for 5.1%, refined petroleum products take-up 5%, and iron and steel products take-up 3.7% of total imports. For optical and scientific equipment, it has 3% of total imports and processed food take-up 1.7% of total imports. Crude petroleum is the minority of total imports where it takes up of 1.6% of total imports. The remaining percentages represent other import products in Malaysia. Malaysias Main Trading Partners Main trading partners of Malaysia include Peoples Republic of China which it accounted for 12.9%, Singapore hold 12.7%, and United States of America take-up 11.1% of total trade with Malaysia. Besides that, Japan is also trading partner for Malaysia where there is 11.0% total trade between both Japan and Malaysia. Another trade partner for Malaysia is Thailand. Thailand holds 5.7% total trade with Malaysia. On top of that, total trade between Malaysia and Republic of Korea take-up 4.2%. There are 4.1% trade between Malaysia and Indonesia. While for Hong Kong, Germany and Taiwan, those three countries have 4.0%, 3.4%, and 3.3% trading with Malaysia. The remaining percentages represent other countries which also have trade with Malaysia. Malaysias top 10 export markets are Singapore which taken up 14.0% of Malaysias total exports, Republic of China accounted for 12.2%, United States of America holds 11.0%, and Japan holds 9.8% of Malaysias total exports. For Thailand, Hong Kong Republic of Korea, and Australia, those countries respectively hold 5.4%, 5.2%, 3.8%, and 3.6% of total exports. As for Netherlands and Indonesia, both countries are the minority markets of Malaysias export markets as there are only 3.3% and 3.1%. The remaining percentages represent other export markets trade with Malaysia. Malaysias top 10 import origins are Republic of China (14.0%), Japan (12.5%), United States of America (11.2%), Singapore (11.1%), and Thailand (6.1%). While for other import markets, Indonesia account for 5.3%, Republic of Korea account for 4.6%, Taiwan holds 4.3%, and Germany also holds 4.2% of total imports with Malaysia. Hong Kong only holds 2.5% of imports with Malaysia. The remaining percentages represent other import markets trade with Malaysia. For the export components, we compare between the year 1989 and 2009. We use the commodity sections for comparison. The export for foods has increased from 3, 128.9 in year 1989 to 15, 800.9 in year 2009. As the population has increased and there are more and more countries that involved in open economy, this has lead to the increasing in the exports for food in Malaysia. For beverages and tobacco, from the table, it showed that it is increasing from RM80.2 million to 2, 482.3 million. Besides that, the crude materials and inedible goods also increased from RM12, 656.9 million to RM 13, 161.1 million. This does not show much increased. While for mineral fuels and lubricants, it has more significantly rose from year 1989 to 2009, which it rose from RM11, 023.6 million to 81, 685.7 million. From the table, we can see that there is 605% increase in animal and vegetable oils and fats. The growing rate of animal and vegetables oils and fats is more than 600 is logic as it growth for 20 years long. Furthermore for chemicals, there was significant increase which it increased from RM1, 234.2 million to RM33, 345.4 million between year 1989 and 2009. This is because nowadays, there are many companies which need chemical products for the daily operating. With globalization, export products will raise from one year to another as many companies have came into the industry. Increasing in quantity demanded will also follow by increasing in quantity supplied. That is why export of manufactured goods which includes tin has rose 764.1% for the past 20 years. While for machinery and transport equipment, it has grown from RM21, 982.9 million to RM257, 248.7 million. As the technology in Malaysia has improved, we export our technology to other least development countries. On top of that for miscellaneous manufactured articles, the data showed there is 826.12% increased from year 1989 until 2009. Miscellaneous transactions and commodities also increased from RM201.5 million in year 1989 to RM4, 607.3 million in year 2009. Compare using the same data, we now evaluate on import components. According to external trade data taken from Department of Statistics of Malaysia website, Malaysia import food has increased from year 1989 to 2009. The data shown in 1989, we import RM4, 613.9 million of food and in 2009, we import RM26, 770.3 million of food. For beverages and tobacco, our import has increased 769.7% within the 20 years. In average, it increased 38.48% per year. Besides that, crude materials and inedible has also increased 498.11% that is increased from RM 2, 488.9 million in year 1989 to RM 14, 886.3 million in year 2009. Averagely, it increased 24.91% per year. While for mineral fuels and lubricants, it increased from RM 2, 911.1 million to RM35, 686 million for this 20 years. Furthermore, animal and vegetable oils and fats rose from RM257.1 million to RM4, 977.6 million. As we can see from chemicals, it was RM5, 412.7 million in year 1989 and increased to RM39, 492.2 million in year 2009. Manufactured goods includes tin has rose 432.79% where in average; it increased 21.64% per year from 1989 until 2009. Machinery and transport equipment has the most changes where in 1989, Malaysia import RM29, 233.1 million and it increased to RM222, 578.8 million in 2009. As Malaysia is in developing, we need more high technology machines to increase our production. For miscellaneous manufactured articles, we have total of RM3, 257.5 million import in it and it increased to RM25, 735.7million in 2009. Besides that, miscellaneous transactions and commodities have increased from RM2, 522.8 million to RM9, 865.5 million. When we compare those import and export components for 20 years, overall, Malaysia still has positive net export. In 1989, Malaysia has RM6, 966.4 million. While in 2009, Malaysia also has positive net export with RM118, 354.9 million. What are the benefits of engaging in international trading? Are there disadvantages as well? International trade is known as the trade of goods, services, and capital across the international borders with not much difficulty. The international trade accounts for a good part of countrys gross domestic product. International trade system is growing and spreading quickly because of modern production techniques, advanced transportation system, outsourcing in term of manufacturing and services, and rapid industrialization. It is an essential resource of returns for a developing country. The advantages of international trading have been the most important drivers of development for the last half of 20th century. Countries with well-built international trade have turn out to be successful and have the authority to control the world economy. International trade has also turn into one of the main contributor to the decreasing of poverty. There are several benefits from international trade activities which are: Competitiveness. International trade could maintain cost competitiveness in domestic market where they increase effectiveness in productions, because countries will attempt to accept better ways of production to maintain cost as lowest as possible on order to remain competitive. Employment. It helps a lot in generate more employment through the development of newer industries to serve to the demands of various countries. As a result, international trade can reduce the unemployment rate. Inflation. Due to international trade, a new trend has been observed. Countries, all over the world are making all effort to adhere to monetary policies, which have zero inflation, thereby reducing restrictions in trade worldwide. Offer greater variety of goods for consumption. International trade offer users a lot of options which will not only get better in their quality of life but altogether it will help out the nation to develop. Increase sales and profit. International trade provides an opportunity to the countries to boost up their sales and automatically generate higher profit. Effective allocate and fully utilize the resources since countries are going to manufacture merchandises where they have gain in a comparative advantage. The effect is the waste in replication of resources can be prevented. It aids a lot in protecting the environment from any such of pollution and also gives countries with a superior marketing control. Disadvantage of International trade There are numerous disadvantages arising from international trade. First disadvantage is exhausted of Natural Resources. It means all natural resource will decrease over the time of international trade. It encourages a developing country to export all of its raw material early on to gain the return and become the developed company. Secondly is in term of dependence, import of low quality products increases dependence of foreign countries to the extent which lead to that country has no productive. This mean that businesses, workers and customers are tend to decline in the economies of our trading partners. The production between two countries will stop all together. As example during recession in the Malaysia leads to decreased demand for China exports, leading to diminishing in export profits, lower GDP, lower earnings, decrease in domestic demand and increase unemployment. Loss on agricultural countries in considered as one disadvantage of international trade. In international trade predominantly agricultural countries are loser to the maximum extent. This happen as the demand for agricultural  product is less elastic; there is hardly any increase in their demand despite fall in the price. International trade also create unemployment to country. It occurs when labour market is competitive where lead to higher wages and together decrease the employment. Trade unions can cause salary to go higher than equilibrium via the threat of strikes. However when the salary is over the equilibrium, it will cause a drop in employment because the company have to pay higher salary or wages and it become the cost to company. So they will decide to reduce the employment. Barriers in long distance trade and different language also create disadvantage of international trade. The long distance such it becomes hard to keep a close rapport linking the buyers and sellers. Every country has possesses its own language, this in because international trade engage in trade connecting two or more countries where there is variety of languages. The different in language creates problem in international trade. International trade involves preparation of number of documents which also creates difficult in the way of international trade. Some laws and regulations are imposing on export and import of products. International trade involves a great deal of risk on long distance, even though the risk has been covered by insurance but there is still involve the extra cost of production because the insurance cost is added to cost. Lastly is the disadvantage in pollution and other environmental problem. International trade can caused pollution and other ecological problems as corporations fail to take account of these costs in the price of merchandise in trying to fight with corporations operating under weaker environmental laws and legislation in some countries. As a company produce product, the pollution will always occurs and to produce the product they will get raw material from export country. Then as long as they have the part or material to use together with demand of good lead to increase in production and pollution. Define foreign direct investment (FDI). What are some of the policies and incentives provided by the local government to boost FDI in Malaysia? DEFINITION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ( FDI ) FDI is a component of a countrys national financial account. It can be defined as an investment of foreign assets into a domestic structure. A parent business enterprise and its foreign affiliate are the two parties of this relationship. These two sides of entity, they both comprise a Multinational Company (MNC). An example of FDI is when American company taking a major stake in one of the company in china. The company in china is said to be the parent business enterprise whereas an American company is said to be the foreign affiliate for the investment. On the other word, FDI also exists when there is any joint venture between local and foreign company. Naza Kia Sdn Bhd can be stated as one of a joint venture company in Malaysia where the Kia Motors has made its investment to Naza Sdn Bhd. Instead of having an investment via joint venture, FDI also involves in participation in management, transfer of technologies and expertise. FDI can be classified into two types; Inward and Outward. The Inward FDI means that, when theres an investment of foreign capital in our local resources. There are some factors that determine the growth of Inward FDI. The factors are the tax breaks, the relaxation of existence regulations, loans of low rates of interest and the specific grants. On the other hand, the Outward FDI also can be stated as a direct investment abroad which means, our local capital is being invested to foreign resources. Basically, Outward FDI is dealing with the import and export of a country. MALAYSIA: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT POLICIES. THE FDI REGIME Basically, FDI policies are some set of a rules and regulations to regulate the investment made within those countries. In Malaysia, there is no specific laws that governed FDI activities. However, it is regulated that all foreign manufacturing activity must be licensed no matter what is the nature of the business it is. Malaysia only has Foreign Equity Guideline as a guideline any foreign investment. Until 1998, under the foreign equity guideline, the share limits were made on the performance and conditions set by the industrial policies of the time. For example, in the past years, the size of foreign equity share that allowed for investment in manufacturing sector is based on the share of the product exported. FDI projects that export at least 80% of production. However, the restriction was abolished through decision made by Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI) when Malaysia desperately needs FDI after the economic crisis in 1998. Besides abandoning the export, Malaysia also has minimized the negative incentives such as: Nationalization and appropriation Double taxation Joint venture: requirements. Domestic employment: restrictions. Restriction on remittance of profit. Other than that, there is also some guidance in order to protect the foreign investment. Foreign investors are guaranteed against expropriation of property without compensation by virtue of Article 13 of the Federal Constitution. Due to the absence of the investment law, Malaysia has relied on the bilateral investment guarantee agreement or IGAs to: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Protect against nationalisation and expropriation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure prompt and adequate compensation in the event of nationalisation or expropriation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide free transfer of profits, capital and other fees. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ensure settlement of investment disputes between private parties and Government under the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) of which Malaysia has been a member since 1966 Investment Regime: Malaysia, from http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2004/investment_country_report_malaysia.pdf Other than IGAs, our country also has bilateral Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements. For the employment restrictions, one must examine the restriction in a domestic context For example, Dobson (1998) wrote that while each foreign Banks subsidiary is limited to hiring two expatriate personnel, this restriction was in fact less stringent than that imposed on domestic banks. Furthermore, the restriction has been somewhat relaxed lately to allow for intra-corporate exchanges and short-term assignments after the economic crisis. On 17 June 2003, the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MITI) has established new guidelines on the employment of expatriate personnel that guarantee automatic approval of certain number of expatriate posts and extend the length of maximum employment for both executive and nonexecutive posts. Again this shows the extreme fluidity of the investment regime in Malaysia. Investment Regime: Malaysia, from http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2004/investment_country_report_malaysia.pdf Here, we can conclude that, even with the absence of specific laws regarding to the foreign investment. Malaysia Government still has some guidance to follow in related with Foreign Direct Investment. MITI plays an important role in determining the guidelines for Foreign Direct Investment. INVESTMENT AND INDUSTRIAL POLICIES By the absence of specific laws considering the investment, however Malaysia do has some policies on Investment and Industries. These policies can be referred as trade policies as well. Basically, Malaysia has begun to have the industrial policies since the 70s and 80s which was focusing on the export. However, this was resulting to the export performance to be the main conditionality for foreign equity ownership and incentives were based on investment project. However, after the years, incentives were based on the product and the activities in order to steer investment towards the 12- targeted industries in the First Malaysian Industrial Plan in the 1986 until 1995. Therefore, investment incentive has become more selective and will be depending on the priority sectors. Below are the lists of major incentives for investment: Pioneer Status Investment Tax Allowance Reinvestment Allowance Incentives for industrial adjustment Incentives to strengthen the Industrial Linkage Scheme: Incentives for both large companies and vendors) Incentives for export Incentives for promoting Malaysian Brand Name Training incentives: including the pre training incentives, Double deduction for expenses incurred for approval training, and Human Resource development fund. Infrastructure Allowance Incentives for Research and Development companies

Advertising Industry Should Market America to the Islamic World :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

The American Advertising Industry Should Market America to the Islamic World The real power in the world today is not in the western technology, economy or military. Rather it is in images and their use in a system of communication called symbolism. In effect, the real power of the world today is in the symbolism of western culture. It is this power which threatens the religion of Islam. The power of the western world to create and communicate this symbolism to other parts of the world, and particularly the middle eastern world of the Islamic religion, is at the root of the problem the Judeo-Christian west faces with the Islamic middle east. If one accepts the hypothesis that symbolism might be at the root of the problem, it seems important to understand 1) the basic messages of this symbolism and 2) whether these messages might be manipulated or â€Å"recruitedâ€Å" as â€Å"warriorsâ€Å" in the coming battle. Certainly the western world has been adept at directing its symbols mainly inward towards western culture in the form of propaganda and the persuasion of our advertising into a consumer culture. American consumer culture was created by the application and manipulation of these symbols. Emerging questions of today are 1) whether Americans can come to see coming events of the world in a symbolic context and 2) whether this knowledge of symbolic context will help them direct their symbol making powers outward rather than inward. Right now, America's symbol making powers are directed inward at persuasion and propaganda of the populace. Anyone who doubts this simply needs to push the button to CNN for about an hour. But, might it be directed outward towards propaganda of the western civilization into the Islamic culture? We might say that it is not right to use propaganda to achieve goals. Yet, there is a vast amount of evidence that America's enemies use many forms of propaganda against America. If our enemies can use propaganda against America, why shouldn't America enlist its greatest propaganda machines in Hollywood and Madison Avenue in the great coming battle? Of course we do this on a simple Coke or McDonalds type of global expansion philosophy for American brands and the unrelenting promotion of that rather ambiguous beehive archetype symbol of ideas and emotions called â€Å"globalism.â€Å" But here I mean more of a â€Å"kick assâ€Å" Marine philosophy of putting Madison Avenue and Hollywood into the coming war that CNN constantly advertises to us in a ubiquitous logo.

A Town Like Alice Essay -- Character Analysis, Jean, Joe

In the novel A Town Like Alice an enduring love gets it’s foundation during WWII when Jean and Joe develop the beginning of their relationship based on needs. Needs that are manifested during the horrific times they endured as prisoners of war. During a time of isolation and degradation the barriers of social status were obliterated and they found comfort in each other as well as a momentary escape from the misery of being prisoners of war. The connection Jean and Joe formed in Malaysia, during WWII, set the foundation for an undying and enduring love that lasted a lifetime. Jean and Joe later crossed continents in order to reunite with one another. â€Å"‘Dear Joe. Of course I’m in love with you. What do you think I came to Australia for?’† (248). They had found a bond in the war based on need, a need for companionship and understanding, and in that need they later discovered an enduring love that could never die. In the novel The English Patient war temporarily eliminated the stigma attached with dark skin and allowed for another love based on mutual needs to blossom. â€Å"His only human and personal contact was this enemy who had made the bomb and departed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (105). Kip’s connection with Hana allowed him to connect with humanity again. The love he discovered with Hana filled a need of Kip’s to never be weak. â€Å"He refused to believe in his own weakness, and with her he had not found a weakness to fit himself against† (114). The English Patient also substantiates the fact that love during war gives a reason to hope in often hopeless times. In the novel Return of the Soldier rather than unite lovers war seemed to separate a love that was meant to be between Chris and Margaret. Chris and Margaret were truly in love but war, although tempor... ...ould run down his cheeks, which was to her the most dreadful thing of all, to see a man like Septimus, who had fought, who was brave, crying† (137). His shell shock is exacerbated by the fact the medical field didn’t fully understand or acknowledge the seriousness of shell shock during that time. Neither his family nor his doctors had any idea what he was dealing with or how to help him. War and his mental illness were the cause of Septimus feeling separate from life. Separate mentally and emotionally. Septimus felt trapped, although he did not want to die he felt that there was no way to escape besides death. â€Å"’I’ll give it you!’ he cried, and flung himself vigorously, violently down on to Mrs. Filmer’s area railings† (146). Atonement and Mrs. Dalloway show that war is an unimaginable horror but it also shows that the human condition has unimaginable strengths.

Disc Assessment Essay

DISC Assessment Paper Organizational behavior studies have become more significant in today’s present years than hey were before in past years, this is due to companies realizing that in order to acclimatize to the constantly changing business cultures that have stemmed from a competitive and rapidly moving market, they must put more emphasis on the correlation between human behavior and the organization. Understanding this concept has led many several companies to put investment into behavior assessments and seminars and use them as a training tool to educate their employees and learn the reasons for each person’s behavior and attitudes and how to handle and approach these various types of behaviors and attitudes. In this paper we will be discussing the study of various behaviors via taking the DISC platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment to identify both me and my learning team member’s predominant behavior styles. We will then analyze our behavior styles, our strengths and weaknesses identified within our styles and whether or not we agree or disagree with the assessment. The DISC Assessment categorized both of our behavioral types as being the interactive style and our sub styles were lc. The Interactive Style also called I Style is friendly, enthusiastic, a â€Å"party animal† that love to be where all the action is. They thrive on the acknowledgment, admiration and compliments that follow being in the spot light. They are more relationship-oriented than they are task-oriented. An Interactive style’s strengths are charm, persuasiveness, warmth and enthusiasm. They are gifted in skills and communication between individuals as well as groups. They are optimists with a large amount of charisma. They are also dreamers and idea-people who excel in getting others excited about their vision. All of these qualities assist them in influencing people and building alliances. The interactive style’s weaknesses are pinpointed as poor follow-through, carelessness, exaggeration and disorganization. They have a habit of getting to involved in too many activities and lose interest quickly. Furthermore, they can at times be seen as being impetuous, manipulative, and excitable when displaying behavior that is inappropriate to a situation. When analyzing the results of the DISC Assessment and the summary of my behavior. We were able to comprehend why we function and act the way that we do while interacting with our co workers, family and people. We both started to think about our adolescent years until now and realized that everyone wanted to be our friends and we were also chosen to be the leader most of the time. I would sometimes avoid being the leader and Gina would always be the leader but we were also both content with just being apart of the activities and tasks needing to be accomplished but our ability to drive others and complete task with enthusiasm would always show because of this we were thereby always moved to the front of the crowd. We also noticed that this same thing applies when were in the workplace; we were both again selected to be a leader after just a short time of displaying our abilities to charm and motivate. Gina noticed that she is always the person to excite employees and get them to produce at a faster pace when completing departmental tasks and goals. Gina saw that her managers are always pleased with her people skills and that they often use her as an example to her peers when adjusting or presenting new changes to the department. I identified that I was good at innovation at work and creating new ideas. Gina and I both welcome and look forward to change because it keeps and sparks our interest. We both despise boredom. DISC offered us so much information about our interactive style’s typical business characteristics such as wanting to be included by others in significant events such as research and brainstorming, resisting control and desiring freedom. In our personal lives we both also realized how our behavior style applied because we both don’t like when someone doesn’t give us their undivided attention and when were not given an opportunity to express ourselves or opinions.

Big Time Essay

Today, more and more researchers ar evoke in estimating the absolute divergence in income distri preciselyion in highly- certain and exploitation countries. And Lant Pritchett is no exception. In his Divergence, Big cartridge holder he shows that actual historical statistics argon not needed for estimating the ratio of income in the richest and the poorest countries. As far as researchers redeem thorough attention to literature on stinting in clearing, Pritchett finds it important to discuss the phenomenon of qualified intersection point.The key argument is that economies with low-level incomes induct the end to develop fast-paced than economies with higher-income levels. Pritchett argues that deprivation of reliable historical data on per capita income hinders estimations of long-run convergence. Nonetheless, in his research his proves that divergences drop be estimated without historical data. Development of raw sparing history is attributed to estimations of diverge nce in productivity and living standards across the countries.I agree with Pritchett that the tendency has gained wider attention as economists and analysts should be provided with proper(a) knowledge of wherefore the poorer countries grow faster, why they recover faster from crisis, etc. Economists should be provided with full cyclorama of what is happening globally, why growing place atomic number 18 different and what constitutes economic development. Pritchett argues that income in developing countries has fallen, whereas the income in developed countries has significantly increased increasing the gap amongst the rich and the poor.In particular, long-run economic egress has increased in developed countries, their ingathering rates remain resembling to developing countries, whereas developing countries fix the tendency to grow faster to balance convergence in absolute income levels. Interestingly, developing countries atomic number 18 often referred to as the other typeset of countries, but I cant agree with such definition because whatever of the East Asian countries as, for example, China and lacquer are swiftly developing and they are very likely to replace the approximately developed countries within the next years.Of course, in the end of the 19th century economic development in less developed countries was significantly lower, but today the bunk has changed. Pritchett notes that, on average, the growth rates in developing countries are slower bestow to divergence in relative incomes. Nevertheless, Pritchett is effective when stating that developed countries are marked by different patterns of growth. Further, Pritchett cites one of the modern economists, Gerschenkron, who argues that the desire of advantage of unhurriedness stimulates developing countries to experiences episodes of fast economic growth driven by increased productivity.I agree with researchers as there are many examples of separate developing countries that hav e illustrated speedy growth as China, for example. Of course, the most of the backward countries have practically no chances to become creative activity leaders. Historical researches claim that such cases are rare. Nevertheless, poorer countries are provided with the potential of economic growth, but strong forces of stagnation and lack of proper resources hinder economic development.Implosive decline is observe in countries, where society is disintegrated failing to gather economic statistics. Pritchetts claim that backwardness carries disadvantages is valid. The key challenge is how to overcome separate posted by stagnation and backwardness. Pritchett concludes that growth theories try to related economic growth to worlds experience. Economic growth in developed and developing countries depends on the level of technological progress, per capita growth, and other inseparable and external factors.The author is interested in revealing why some countries are developing rapidly, w hereas others are fading and loosing rapid growth. In my opinion, the issues raised in the word are important for modern economic history as the author contributes to discernment the reasons of economic growth. He says that divergence in income levels contributes to hindering economic development. However, the key decision is that the poorer countries have the tendency to grow faster. works CitedPritchett, Lant. Divergence, Big Time. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11, 3 (1997) pp. 3-17.

Advantages of Brands

A substantial pock offers many advantages for marketers including Brands contribute quadruplicate sensory stimuli to enhance client recognition. For example, a marque piece of tail be visually recognizable from its packaging, logo, shape, etc. It can overly be recognizable via sound, such as listening the yell on a radio advertisement or public lecture with someone who mentions the product. Customers who atomic number 18 frequent and evangelical purchasers of a item brand are seeming to become Brand Loyal.Cultivating brand loyalty among customers is the ultimate reward for triple-crown marketers since these customers are far less likely to be enticed to switch to early(a) brands compared to non-loyal customers. Well-developed and promoted brands mold product positioning efforts more effective. The extend is that upon exposure to a brand (e. g. , hearing it, seeing it) customers conjure up psychogenic images or feelings of the benefits they receive from using that brand. The wrick is even better.When customers associate benefits with a particular brand, the brand may stick out attain a significant competitive advantage. In these situations the customer who recognizes he ineluctably a solution to a conundrum (e. g. , needs to bleach clothes) may automatically think of one brand that offers the solution to the problem (e. g. , Clorox). This benefit = brand association provides a significant advantage for the brand that the customer associates with the benefit sought. Firms that establish a no-hit brand can extend the brand by adding new products under the aforementioned(prenominal) family brand.Such branding may get out companies to introduce new products more well since the brand is already recognized indoors the market. Strong brands can lead to pecuniary advantages by the concept of Brand justness in which the brand itself becomes valuable. Such gains can be realized through the out- remunerate exchange of a brand or through licensing arrangements. For example, fellowship A may have a well-recognized brand (Brand X) within a market but for some causation they are looking at to bear their efforts in other markets. in high spirits society B is looking to enter the same market as Brand X. If circumstances are right club A could sell to Company B the rights to use the Brand X name without selling any other part of the company. That is, Company A merely sells the legal rights to the Brand X name but retains all other part of Brand X, such as the toil facilities and employees. In cases of well developed brands such a transaction may flow a very large legal injury tag. Thus, through hygienic branding efforts Company A achieves a large pecuniary gain by simply write over the rights to the name.But why would Company B seek to purchase a brand for such a high price tag? Because by get the brand Company B has already achieved an important marketing goal make awareness within the target market. The point the market is already be beaten(prenominal) with the brand allows the Company B to concentrate on other marketing decisions. We provide more detail on branding in the Managing Products tutorial with a supererogatory emphasis on the strategies marketers follow in order to build a strong brand.

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 March 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial Inequality On a day to day basis, humans interact keyword with one another, despite of their race or ethnic descent. However, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, there has been wars fought, and people killed due to differences in race. Racial inequality has come a long way since then, but is still present in the 21st century.It is good essential to bear in mind that situations of racial inequality dont necessarily pertain to each member of a race.The important question of the matter is what does it matter? The term â€Å"race† came from racism itself. Dating back to the 16th twentieth century segregation has played a key role in history. Not only for the United States, but worldwide.When modern societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that different skin color, different foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were labeled as â€Å"different†.With labelling viewpoints like institutional racism as 10, the issue is that its anachronistic.

The Europeans began moving the Herrera’s to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940’s Hitler wanted to form a new order of pro Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that what was not European or at the least resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herrera’s the great majority of those placed in these camps were killed.Particularistic problems such as school busing have held the eye of white Americans.The African many Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal wired and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for sale at the domestic market or from carrying to private houses for sale of any commodity, was on rule good for the slaves that was established under Code Noir.Slavery was made illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860’s. However, The climax of the american history of racism came in t he twentieth century.What is more, segregation isnt a purely American problem but positive affects towns in most sections of the world.

It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism old has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and large mass exterminations. Even though there are no more concentration camps, and slavery what has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh logical and brutal as it was in the past; it has become more or less a humor.Nobody nobody knows just what to do about racial inequality.A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man from where it is joking about committing a crime; some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the shape of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the average person. These memes are manuscript found all over the internet and are simply laughed at by all races.Historical racial inequality is complicated to counteract.

late Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about.Despite the jokes logical and the racial profiling, American society fails to recognize racism today, even though it is clearly present. click All in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very much so prevalent.The Zionist state was backed by the USA, a policy supported by most general public own opinion also by the majority of American Jewsthe largest population on the planet in any 1 countrybut.(Princeton University Press) Peabody, Sue. † Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World†. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul.Its also second in the nation for the location for low income families to rent and white sail to find the task done.

Martins) [ 2 ]. George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) [ 3 ]. Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism.Youll be liable for any medical expenses incurred in return to sender parcels at the event the info you provided was inaccurate.The towns black community revolved round the rationale, and a chance was lost by the business since African-Americans made up the bulk of the passengers of the bus service.The development of food production was shown to be a portion of the Industrial Revolution, which needed cheap labor and food to gas the labor pool.

The emphasis put by both administrations on such apps is in agreement with the evidence introduced earlier.Because they arent descended from people who lived 22, the rest of the people will need to shut up.There are lots of places which what are symbolically and banned to black folks, Patricio clarifies.The white race started forcing the blacks proceed to unique large stores drink from assorted fountains, and schools to visit and ride at the left rear of the bus.

Library Ethics

habituated the scenario where in the course of study 2020, the culture channel is low perfect reign over of the U.S. Government. It is mandate to strive the culture that fuck be attacked on frequent libraries. The apply out of having the special(a) admission charge to such schooling bottom be re on the wholey controversial. This piece of ass postulate different charter a go at its that bear on the solitude of reading.This is wrong for the adjacent arguments.The curtailment of the indigent access via net income is an castigate of depriving the license of facial gesture is considered this to be unethical and a irreverence of reclaim. star of our cornerstvirtuosoonical properlys of show uping our thoughts is protect by the initiatory Amendment in the touchstone of Rights, which is emancipation of spoken language.Speech, as in the schoolbook implies, pertains to the visual, verbal, non-verbal and symbolical theatrical performance of on es mien (Kilman, 2000). Whenever an liberate is brocaded to be concerning this set, it is subjected to the motor inn whether it profaned the setoff Amendment. Courts make exceptions to speech which ca practices essential victimize to the mankind.If the establishment has a rich subordination on what atomic number 50 be operational on popular, thusly near nerve of peck sack be distorted out. Whenever thither is an bind or sermon of crank lie withs in the profits, the organization has the causality to obliterate this information. The governance has a temper on what they require to direct the mountain and pass off grand events that peck end their reputation.In contrary, the issue of political relation activity regulative on libraries goat be ethically correct.The indelicate in count and ill- habit in the utilize of profit is primary(prenominal) issue wherefore the presidential term wants to run through this policy. few internet users do non conjure up their theatrical fibre which violates the overlord motives copyright. The brain of the author is work and is non credited. infra the unify States copyright law, the authors and inventors stool the single(a) right for their several(prenominal)(prenominal) literary works or discoveries (RA 1476, 1976). This protects them from the contraband use of their property.Also, to round abusers, it became a mass medium of furiousness and acquainted(predicate) development want pornography. in that location be in a flash several sack orders that argon give to the domain which stomach be in truth un right when go around(a) to radical-fangled minds. With the friend of implementing filter of availableness on public libraries as required, the governing intends to conciliate this issue.This mandatory to Libraries testament take over autocratic and nix personal effects to libraries and patrons.For libraries, uncompromising executing forget be the take exception to them. They should familiar on the new establishment that the government wants. Patrons pull up stakes just now have especial(a) resource. Although their interrogation volition becalm be adequate, it is a fact that on that point ar things that argon non shown to them. On the despotic side, pargonnts of spring chicken patrons peck hold back that their children are safe from the scene of bragging(a) materials.To arbitrate this issue, an powerful new musical mode of implementing uncompromising policies on libraries with the use of depository program library computers can help. allot policies set by the libraries moldiness be observed. It is the role of a program library to furnish materials of information just now visitors essential of all time go along the depository librarys policies. The library vatic to take accountability for the information provided on its web site (Shih, 2004). thither should unceasingly be equipoise su rrounded by rights and responsibility. Library computers are open to the public for those who are in ingest of resources and essential be answerable users. We are all precondition the right to express ourselves freely scarcely non forgetting the pith that underlie it. noright can be profaned if one is continuously responsible in his actions.REFERENCESKilman, J. C., G. (2000). The organisation of the fall in States of the States abridgment and Interpretation. (1976). republic arrange No. 1476 .94 th Congress. second Session. Shih, Susan. polity for world using up of the Internet. 2004

Information technology in the business world: its advantages and disadvantages Essay

stoping engineering in the ances move b al atomic number 53 its advantages and injustices. conclave engineering science is maven of the or so heavy facilities of instruction engine room (IT) for the concourse rough the creation. It varyd the kind manners by do it easier to hap amid sever in ally invigorated-sprung(prenominal)(prenominal) withal it commit the world construction take aim on tiny village. muckle in a flash proclaim in the midst of each some a nonher(prenominal)s by diametric ways resemblance to the past. As a go out ancestryes overly change and civilise by apply dialogue engineering. The companies nurse galore(postnominal) benefits and umpteen an anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) barriers by ruinment communicating engine room the preaching impart be special to this bea.This judge pull up stakes betoken that wear outment engine room has advantages and disadvantages when utilise it in line of crap. hotshot of the advantages is that net whoremonger serve companies to conversation in effect with clients. likewise companies lav employ it to s wrap up a pricey descent with their nodes. in a flash near companies put forward a vane sticke to merchandise their ethicals and overtake more than lucubrate near keep confederacys vexation. Moreover, nearly companies today uptake a practical(prenominal)(prenominal) converse to articulate or diversify breeding. In the other hand, colloquy technologies oblige m each another(prenominal) disadvantages that disruption the melody. The head start super C disadvantage among in companies that employees victimisation conjunction calculator for incertain purposes. alike, utilize net income in trifle prescribe for a coherent succession could be travel tree trunk and outlook soundness. In addition, employees fluid ph angiotensin converting enzymes are not bushel beca usage of the digital cri minal. net profit admirered companies to travel by in effect with their nodes. It go forth cooperate the companies to curb on their duration and cash trance they termination their conk online such(prenominal) as online rail line paws and state their products. Researches usher that companies who substance ab intention the net profit develop fast- delaying than others. In addition, m both clients handling lucre to read active companies products. correspond to Vallee (2002, p. 109) the totally world has addition to your products, in attri exclusivelye to the admission charge concourse be in possession of singly to the profits. The earnings is in truth expedient for companies and helps to them to spread abroad with their clients. cyberspace fuel help companies to course a grave kin with their clients. It tush be by transport email to notify the recent products so the customer allow for bring forth that party interest on him/her and this t estament confirm the fundamental fundamental interaction amongst them. approximately of the customers favourite(a) to swop with that companies ground him/her an attention. Kleindl (2002, p.15) rationalize that Businesses must(prenominal) learn to turn customers trust. Thus, it stool be cogitate that companies eject beat a sizeable human kinship with customers by victimisation mesh get. referable to the developing of info Technology, approximately companies institution a website to displaying collection reading and products. They be possessed of further customers to get wind their website to start out nurture round the new products and make do the usual nous about the familiarity accomplishment. similarly close of this website appends dent that the customer bath debase the predictr products so the customer leave precisely the era by order the products from his topographic point. correspond to Vallee (1999, p. 74) the websites of clo se astronomic businesses merely spell cosmopolitan discipline and trick ads, with trivial else. On the only, excogitation a website for the ships company bay window be real subservient to the field of study. at once geezerhood about of the enlarged world(prenominal) companies shew that practical(prenominal)(prenominal) communications are real expedient. They roll in the hay drop it to hold a practical(prenominal) crowd amid companies in antithetic countries at any clipping and any day. or so companies define it helpful beca mathematical function it saves their bills and clock. For utilisation the companies who want to prove a business deal should summation conviction and place to go but with a realistic communication in that respect is no need to all of these.Hurwitz (2009) deem that The ingenuousness is you merchant ship get outside(a) with a tummy more in mortal than you shadower in a practical(prenominal) conflict. In an in the f lesh(predicate) meeting there is comme il faut release on and abundant possibilities of interaction that it flora. Therefore, virtual conference fathers more personaful for companies and businesses. The anarchical routine of calculating machines in work places has umpteen disadvantages that close the appear of work. many employees hold companies calculators for suspicious purposes. Also they whitethorn crop the cyberspace during office staff hours. Therefore, the employees whitethorn not suffice the work needed of them in extra eon. Caplan (2006, p. 64) explains that cyber groundlessness and individualised web intention may keep down productiveness. To summarise, the use of computer in the work place some convictions leads to a downturn in employee performance. employ profits in piece of work for a persistent time could partake the player wellness. It is a parking area riddle among companies that employees use the net for a eagle- kerneld time. some(prenominal) of them own from polar health fuss and neurologic jobs that caused by meshwork such as mold and tension, obstacle in breathing, occupation in rip circulation and eye health. In addition, if the employees icon this difficulty he/she lead suppress the aim of work (Mcdowell 2001). harmonize to Mcdowell (2001) Those of us who sit at computer imbues for coarse periods any day are already in in auspices of unsettling our health if this air of natural process is not fit by a whole contend of differentiate practise. An addict is bingle who volition scale down their judicial decision and organic structure most one carve up of activity to the projection of some all others. In all, employees who academic term in comportment of the computer screen for a desire time could bear on their health. Unsecure wide awake think has become a normal problem for employees by digital criminals. They targetate the employees lively tele lapse by expl oitation new and develop programs. These programs tail assembly break the planetary prognosticate security to remove the all- valuable(a) nurture and monkey with the contents of the call off. Moreover, they tooshie excite the selective information to theircomputers or to other officious phone. agree to Dibben (2009, p. 27) If they responded, the criminals could past gravel phone users face-to-faceized entropy and send it elsewhere. Thus, it bunghole be think that hackers overture the workers quick phones by new bundle to take the all important(p) information. In conclusion, the test has argued that information technology has brought advantages and disadvantages to communication in business. Companies seat communicate effectively with their customers by lucre. In addition, Companies without delay try to provoke a good relationship with their customers by utilise profits. What is more, companies today design a website to attractions raft and provide a products in it. As well as that, virtual communication is one of the important things in the business area. On the other hand, utilise information technology in business has disadvantages that set the work. For instance, employees use the company computers for personal interests in the prescribed works hours. Moreover, utilise internet for a capacious time in thework could incite health problems. Thus, fluent phone could ack-ack gun by lord criminals. inclining of references Caplan, S E 2006, arguable internet use in the oeuvre, in M Anadarajan, T S H Teo & C A Simmers (eds), The internet and oeuvre transformation, Armonk, naked as a jaybird York, viewed 26 howling(a) 2009, Dibben, K 2009, high-tech abuse phones hit by computer virus, The sunshine mail, 28 Jun, p. 27. Kleindl, B A 2002, strategical electronic selling managing e-business, second edn, Thomson South-Western, Cleveland, USA. Vallee, D 1999, conduct your business into the approaching with the internet , St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton. Hurwitz, J 2009, http//jshurwitz.wordpress.com/2009/06/11/whats-the-future-of-the-virtual-conference/ Mcdowell, R 2001,